Why is it important for an ethical decision maker to consider the probability that the action will lead to the consequences predicted?

• A. to mitigate the likelihood of harm.
• B. to maximize profits without risk.
• C. to comply with the letter of the law only.
• D. to speed up decision deadlines.

Answer: (A)

Ethical decision making is strongest when you weigh how likely predicted consequences are, not just what could happen in theory. By considering probability, you estimate the expected impact of each option—how much harm or benefit is likely and how severe it would be if it occurs. This helps you choose actions that minimize overall harm and protect stakeholders, even when a choice seems beneficial in principle. It also guards against overconfidence in optimistic predictions and underappreciation of risk. If an option could cause serious harm but only rarely, thinking in terms of probability keeps that risk from being ignored. The other ideas miss the point: chasing profits without risk can ignore ethical harm; following the law alone may permit unethical outcomes if the law doesn’t cover the issue; and rushing decisions tends to undermine careful consideration of consequences.