Which factor of moral intensity likely played the biggest role in 3M's response to FEMA's request, according to the case?

• A. Magnitude of consequences
• B. Probability of harm
• C. Temporal immediacy
• D. Proximity of beneficiaries

Answer: (A)

Moral intensity is shaped by several factors, but the strongest driver in a crisis with high stakes is the magnitude of consequences—the total harm or benefit that would result from a decision. In the FEMA situation, whether 3M helps floods the relief effort with PPE or not would affect a vast number of people and the overall effectiveness of disaster response. The potential scale of those outcomes is enormous, so this factor creates the greatest ethical pressure to act, more than how likely harm is, how soon it would occur, or how close the beneficiaries are to the decision maker. Even when other aspects suggest uncertainty or distance, the sheer potential impact dominates the ethical calculation. So the magnitude of consequences is the best answer.